MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIT 1

RAIPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai)

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

 FOURTH SEMESTER

MODEL ANSWERS- DR.TANUSHREE CHATTERJEE

UNIT-I

CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS 

Human Beings are born with 23 chromosome pairs or 46 chromosomes in each cell — one inherited from the mother and one from the father. A numerical chromosome abnormality can cause each cell to have 45 or 47 chromosomes in each cell.

Chromosomal disorders are common causes of birth defects that can affect the brain and other parts of the body. The normal fertilized egg cell contains 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 from the father. Thus, there are normally 23 pairs of chromosomes in the fertilized egg. These include two sex chromosomes: XX for girls and XY for boys. Some chromosomal abnormalities occur when there is an extra chromosome. Here are a few examples of chromosomal abnormalities that can affect the functioning of the brain.

The term "monosomy" is used to describe the absence of one member of a pair of chromosomes. Therefore, there are 45 chromosomes in each cell of the body instead of the usual 46. Monosomy X, or Turner syndrome, occurs when a baby is born with only one X sex chromosome, rather than the usual pair (either two Xs or one X and one Y sex chromosome).

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